Prospects of Democracy

Unfortunately, these moronic, ungrateful, st angiotensin-converting enzyme-age Jerk-offs both refuse that generous largess out of arrogance or ar too dopy to put it together correctly (Its non like Its an Kea dresser, folks). Is the developing sphere hopeless, or atomic number 18 the efforts of developed countries? Has re open simply mellow out its course among those who are capable of handling It? What developed countries could habitualwealth body of work or not work In? Regardless of the answer to those questions, which I leave behind address, the people of any give nation seduce to want democracy. The U.S has been a leader in toilsome to sit on the chest of developing countries trying to spoon-feed this lattice medication to them, but raze when it goes in their mouth, the spit it back out the moment they brook back up. For the interest of humor though, Ill juxtapose the U. S as a successful democracy against that of another(prenominal) countries in its tarrad iddle for the first part of my essay. The second of potential and current democracies in the modern adult male, and last, whether and how very much democracy I look at there will be in the next 20 to 25 years and solutions to achieve it.Get ready to hop on the Magic School Bus not to the prehistorical era or inside a human body, but To the land of democracy? Sorry, Ms. Frizzle got move to rehab by some marc who found LSI under the drivers seat. Suffice to say this ride wont be as sportsman as past adventures, but Im issue to give It a damned good try. Now lets espouse a trip back to 1783 in the great land weve just come to k instanter as the united States of the States. For the first time, it appears as though democracy truly has a shot.The British actu in onlyy surrendered to the Ameri muckle revolutionaries and those who remained in opposition exiled themselves Talk about a clean break As near straightway in modern times, this is not the usual case in revolutions. Even the supposedly peace-loving and unforceful French were chopping off heads in the name of democracy. Theres always the Greeks right? Sadly, the esteemed Athenian democracy met its ends finished the military force and civil war it had allowed to fester doneout its reign.However, America Is deferent not simply receivable to apple pale and barbecue but like most great achievements, due to impeccable timing. Had whats now known as the united States been colonized centuries prior when Europe was dummy up trudging through the Feudal Ages, democracy would almost certainly falter, especially In an emerging nation. And regardless of the ascribed poverty of our inelegants childhood, most of the influence, and at worst, they were of a middle-merchant class.In addition, they were also working with an Eden of resources and real estate. As the Proof. S sanction and I paraphrase, they would behave to be beauteous stupid to mess this up. Furthermore, this was post-renaissance and ideas like democracy and morally-rich thought had been being nurtured for a good portion of time. And wiz and only(a) of the more important aspect was that while the colonists were poor, they had an wide ocean to separate their oppressors. Back to the point of canvass the U. S with other countries past and present, the U.S has not yet proven either its ability to wield democracy successfully nor whether democracy is even a successful form of government. Hell to the no, wiener-brain, I can already hear you shouting, but I implore your to attend this quote from Alexander Tyler, a Scottish history professor at the University of Edinburgh, A democracy is always temporary in nature it simply cannot outlast as a permanent form of government. A democracy will continue to exist up until the time that voters discover they can vote themselves generous gifts from the public treasury.From that moment on, the majority always votes for the candidates who cry the most benefits from the public treasury, with the result that every democracy will finally collapse due to unleash fiscal policy, which is always followed by a dictatorship. This was said in 1787 and while is hasnt come to fruition in the unite States, it has certainly done so in legion(predicate) other upstart democracies. Hearkening upon my early didactics about the U. S. s success, I pose two questions to gauge the democracys success. What is the best kind of democracy? The U.S has a representative democracy hat is actually more akin to a republic (the latter being an especially deft blow to its potential claim of success). How can a governments ability to conquer an inbuilt form of policy be Judged on one particular? How much time mustiness header before a democracy is to be deemed a success or not? The U. S is going on 250 years, not much great than Greece (in more strict democratic terms), intimately beneath the popish Republic which peaked around 500 years, and vastly short of the longest-livin g globally successful civilizations in history.For the sake of argument however, let us assume that the U. S is indeed all that ND a nucleotide of Chests (why would you choose plain check-out procedures when there are so many better options? ) and that it will survive until saviour flies down and raptures all of its citizens up to heaven for being so loyal (except the gays and Democrats). Despite all of its governmental prowess and embodiment of benevolence, America cannot be a role model to most countries because its speckle differs far too much from other countries.Two countries may have the same recipe for chocolate chip cookies, but if the U. S has butter and Ghana only has butter-substitute spread, guess what youre not goanna end up with chocolate chip cookies. To start, as I said in the previous paragraph, America had what few countries have had or will ever have a blank canvass and the brushes to paint onto it. When the pilgrims escaped the despotic bump of the Englis h, despite their difference, they shared far more in customary.As the American Revolution was waged and goals were made in the aftermath, common interest on the macro level was calm down abundant. In contrast, The countries of the hindquarters billion are, for the most part, the resister of America. Rapidly put together in nation. The now-successful states were built through a painfully tardily and circuitous recess of formation that whirled them into nations with which their citizens identified. This enabled them to undertake the collective action that is vital for the provision of public goods.Most modern states were once socialally diverse. The boundaries of a modern state generally emerged not out of compound bonds forged out of a primordial ethnic solidarity but as the solution to the key encourageion issue of what size of territory was best suited to the creation of a monopoly over the means of ferocity (Collier, 2009). This lends a crucial similarity to the U. S a nd developing countries violence. Not even a century into its lifespan, the United States was already destroying itself not quite the idyllic picture modern citizens paint for it.Even the political process that had brought the U. S to that point relied on conflict The evolution of the modern state was, on this analysis, violence driven. Step by step, the predatory noticer of the mint-state had evolved into the desperate-to-please, service-promising, modern vote- readking politician. (Collier, 2009). Throughout the 19th century the U. S political organisation potentially gave a voice and ammunition to any self-centered megalomaniac ho may have be after to use the system to satisfy his and his friends appetite for profit.The electoral process of the early U. S was rife with decadence with politicians bribing for vote and boxing out undesirables from the polling booths (e. G. Blacks, anyone who disagrees). This is hardly the system most would want to see implemented in developin g countries even if the eventual outcome is a successful system like the U. S enjoys now. Kenya is before long considered by many to be the most successful democracy about developing nations. Sadly, this is like manifestation it is the prettiest turn in the toilet.Lash out if you will, but I say this to emphatically point out that Kenya is a part of a big failing system and its successes are simply not great plenty to warrant any sort of complacency. And when the U. S is considered hypothetically as a marker one of necessity to consider its current ten percent unemployment level and major election corruption as fresh as 2000 in the Bush/Gore presidential race (or perhaps 2008 if one feels the need to consider the black panther incident to be on the same scale), it is quickly realized that the bar take to be raised for all, not simply developing lands.In order for democracy to truly take root system in developing nations first- creation intervention cannot be reduced to the p arental platitude of do as I say, not as I do. Nations such as Kenya or Zambia are not stupid or naive children and dont want to be ordered to follow democratic dictations when their administrators renege on their promises and guard themselves as they see fit (lending yet more credence to the 01 Spider-man adage, with great power comes great responsibility). However, a nation such as Kenya is in role of leadershiphip itself amidst the other African developing democracies and is therefrom expected to up its ante as well.Unfortunately the lack of democracy almost always brings with it the lack of righteousness in the public and media arena too. Kenya was no exception prone that The structure of the Kenya media system appears to result in many media outlets turning in to direct political instruments in election campaigns, during which politicians use ethnicity to win votes. (Hollander, 2010). How can the public net sound political choices when one, information from the televisio n or literature?The situation doesnt ascertain to be improving for developing countries elsewhere on the globe either. Further north but not too distant in Africa another prime democratic hopeful Morocco shares its breathers woes. Morocco has the longest record of multi-party elections 1963 on. merely whenever the king risked losing, the king dissolved the assembly and changed the witnesss. and Most of these countries have held elections at least occasionally, but all too often these have been fake elections orchestrated by the government in favor of one party. (tagre, 2003).This paints a rather bleak picture for democracy in developing countries given that Kenya is supposed to be a hallmark of hope if they cannot achieve it, who can? It appears that a trend, rather a disease, has a Dearth Evader death-grip on the societies political ambitions. land is often spoken of the most ideal and viable alternating(a) to warfare as the combatants can fight within the arena of politi cs rather than the battlefield, however most hopeful leaders have taken that maxim to the extreme. Rather than shoulder the burden of leadership for the greater good of Justice and their peoples welfare, N actual practice , in many developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the process of democracy is marked by bitter animosity and quarrel between the efferent political parties , giving an impression as if these countries are in constant turmoil all the time with one base trying to surmount another group to seize power. (Sir Lankan Guardian, 2010). In turn, these elections hold up mere contests where politicians become intoxicated in the thrill of the fight and seek only to serve their or their familys needs in a twisted marriage of their own ego. Each political group in its anxiety to defeat the other often even go to the extent of maintaining thugs and rowdies in their groups to indulge in violence, settle tons with the opponents, indulge in malpractices in elec tion including bribing the voters etc. Due to this approach, the law and order machinery virtually collapses. (Sir Lankan Guardian, 2010) opus this is true for many politicians in any country, its especially devastating to a country like Sir Lankan, who dont even have a sound enough political system or successful economical foundation to absorb the shock of those mistakes.This kind of arrogance leads to a destitution where the populace is virtually selling itself into thralldom to the government. The governments of developing countries or hat Paul Collier calls pejoratively the bottom billion are slur to the tremendous cost of their foolish attempt to shield themselves from cooperation with their neighbors. The paradox is that despite having the most to gain from pooling their sovereignty, the societies of the bottom billion have pooled it the least. (Collier, 2009).Many of these countries operate under a facade of democracy and subject their citizens to causeitarian rule suc h as despotism that May take the form of a beggars democracy, where people talk at will, in groups even, but can never expect to change anything. (Kaplan, 1996). In Latin America, one author tells how the authoritarian regimes had become so perfect(a) they should actually be viewed as a benchmark for undeniable studies on democracy that scholars often ignore These lessons Were learned through the bitter experiences of democratic breakdown and repressive, bureaucratic-authoritarian rule (p. 2), a claim that echoes throughout the ramifications of the violence that birthed almost every major nation in the world that I spoke of earlier, and the cause of the violence itself ethnic identity. The idea that ethnicity is both the cause of nationalistic violence and the obstacle tanning in the way of a successful democracy is something certainly doesnt sit well with most and may end up actually inciting violence As I stated before, America had the advantage of being forced to deal with di versity whereas most nations have a firmly root cultural society, complete with enemies and collective taboos.Americas economy was also firmly tied to its cultural identity which is important because When the pace of expansion gets sufficiently far ahead of the process of building a common identity, the resulting superstars seem overwhelming problems in trying to establish a common identity. Instead of becoming nations, by slight they become empires. (Collier, 2009). A common identity was forged through the state part of the United States where the states could dog their own interest to some degree, but were ultimately held up the to law and standard of a central government.Even China commonly viewed as purely an authoritarian government has only been successful politically and economically when they unified under the emperor Kin Shih Hunting and more recently under the communist party. This illustrates a very basic and click principle of two are stronger than one, but is one many developing entries refuse to accept due largely to self-serving interests. This conundrum is likely most prevalent in the Middle-East and Africa where basically the same cultural wars have been waged since ancient times.Given the relatively most economically severe nature of the latter coupled with the proportionally greatest amount of aid sent there, the stakes are the highest. The evidence from recent surveys of attitudes across nine African countries by Aftermarket is not encouraging. It is found that if people are educated they are more likely to identify themselves through their ethnicity. So development, with the attendant education, Jobs, and electoral competition, is change magnitude the salience of ethnic diversity rather than erasing it. (Collier, 2009).So despite overall improvement of these developing countries, democracy still faces a disturbingly poor outlook. Despite any inclination so far to the contrary, capitalism is still necessary for a country to facilit ate democracy regardless of any ethnic ties that will remain. It will lift the economic tide of the given country, and more importantly give collective identity through the societys pursuit of better fiscal welfare. As it stands, African evolving countries are far from self-sufficient let completely ripe for producing democracy. The resulting reduced need to tax has been reinforced by aid in the typical country of the bottom billion the government gets around a third of its expenditure needs met by aid The current Uganda president Missives has deviated from his previous tyrannical leaders in that he realizes that in order to have a strong army one must must have a strong economy. (Collier, 2009). conjugated with Americans instant society, capitalism raised the income of the average citizen throughout the countrys history and prevented any one entity from ruling the gate or forcing its hand political (with a few exceptions of course).When the economy is healthy enough to support a widespread computer access in developing countries,The use of Sits (Information and Communication Technologies) can lead to accountability in democratic elections. (Modern Democracy, 2010). However, neoclassical capitalism will not suit the country seeking democracy, especially given their ethnic circumstances regulation is necessary to ensure that the market doesnt become corrupt or unstable as is the case with so many African countries (and notably the United States in the recent financial crisis).As for the argument that regulation stifles innovation, Stilling cited former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Blocker, who said its hard to attain any evidence from anybody whos not in the industry that can show any clear radio link between the so-called financial innovations and increased productivity in our economy. (CNN, 2010). Here the relationship between ethnic identity and capitalism becomes even more important the population of a developing country must not think simply for t hemselves, but for what they believe is the betterment of their country as a totally given that Racket is not one individual Robinson Crusoe does not make for much of an economy. (Smith, 2010). So given capitalism and ethnic identity, we now have two strong ingredients for the recipe of democracy, but how do we make developing countries go by the recipe? Any tactful parent knows the best kind of method acting to get your kid to do what you want is through incentives or misleading rather than direct confirmatory punishment. In this line of thinking I propose two solutions one that Ive up with myself and one I am borrowing from one of my sources.The first is a leader of a leader or group of adders coming together using the old adage of an enemy of my enemy is my friend in that larger groups paint each other as the devil and consolidate their political sovereignty in Africa into two to three larger states. The leader(s) hopefully will understand this strategy is merely for politic al purposes and in turn practice enough restraint to prevent the whole from barring all contact with each other. The would reject much of the ethnic conflict by saying look how much we have in common given that these people dont truly understand our collective struggles. This is no bout at least a mite idealistic as managing ethnic conflicts that have lasted for centuries through a one of the biggest escapades of charm the world has ever known would be a task not suited for the current political leaders of developing countries. The second strategy is one the author Paul Collier suggests is positive reinforcement in the form of international military intervention not the kind thats most thought of though. In developing countries governments, especially newly formed ones, the first thing they fear is military upheaval or coups De soft diet so what is it that theyd want most the prevention of them.Basically what he proposes is that the international partnership lay out a list of r ules for democracy that a given country has to follow and in return they will protect them from any sort of military coup. To support his theory, Collier goes through a test game tree diagram where all the possible scenarios that could occur in response to this proposal would all end up in at least one or some the countries agreeing to this proposal. The latter would take place because nobody wants to be the only ones on the chopping block by themselves.Furthermore, Collier suggests that coups need to be harnessed, not eliminated (Collier, 2009). The international community can then guide countries into democracies through protection and support of viable leaders who want to see the process through. Requires meticulous manipulation and time, while the latter basically is forcing democracy through non-democratic means. Unfortunately, response to this rebuke comes down to saying, Mimi got a better idea? Within a time frame of 20-25 years, I believe democracy is certainly achievable through means such as the ones I suggest or variations of it otherwise.Following the end of the Cold War, the developed worlds made almost all the mistakes possible in the handling of evolving countries they either intervened too much militarily or not enough (Rwanda). Another strategy, bridled with or instead of the former, would be centered around ramping up the amount of aid that developing countries are so heavily reliant on in exchange for a structured system on how it is spent. Further-along democracies such as Thailand or India could benefit from these programs as well.Plus, as these maturing democracies develop, they will be given more say and weight when traffic with international matters a kind of recognition they likely feel is long overdue. Much of the Western world needs to stop treating these countries like they are simply children (or at least dont let them think that you are). The Democracy that Americans enjoy is an exception, not the standard. Many of the protec tions economic standards that Westerners employ need to be disbanded to support global financial growth and in turn, a more healthy domestic economy.Compassion and self-interest need not be enemies, however, helping developing countries make the feasible transition to democracy requires a genuine altruism thats not often seen in political endeavors. Being that Im no economic or political expert, I almost feel that writing this paper is pointless outside of a grade because managing this subject successfully is something that requires an entire career, but in a message that needs to be transmitted to the entire developed world we need to start somewhere.